{"id":8792,"date":"2025-05-10T07:23:58","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T03:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f\/"},"modified":"2025-05-10T07:23:58","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T03:53:58","slug":"%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/ar\/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"468\"><strong data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"341\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br data-start=\"341\" data-end=\"344\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u0651\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"569\">\n<li data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"521\">\n<p data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"521\"><strong data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"519\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (Hot-Dip Galvanizing)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"569\">\n<p data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"569\"><strong data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"569\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Electro-Galvanizing)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7616\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_07-AM.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_07-AM.webp 1536w, 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href=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/ar\/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f\/#%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\" >\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/ar\/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\" 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href=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/ar\/%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%9f\/#%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9-2\" >\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" 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https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647-3-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647-3-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1031\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1031\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1404\">\n<li data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1130\">\n<p data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1130\"><strong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1058\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1236\">\n<p data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1236\"><strong data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1153\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1325\">\n<p data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1325\"><strong data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1261\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1404\">\n<p data-start=\"1328\" data-end=\"1404\"><strong data-start=\"1328\" data-end=\"1345\">\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"157\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"157\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"239\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"571\">\n<li data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"302\">\n<p data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"302\"><strong data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"265\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"359\">\n<p data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"359\"><strong data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"320\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"360\" data-end=\"435\">\n<p data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"435\"><strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"391\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 (HVAC).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"500\">\n<p data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"500\"><strong data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"461\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"571\">\n<p data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"571\"><strong data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"531\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7620\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_09-AM.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_09-AM.webp 1536w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_09-AM-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_09-AM-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_09-AM-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"620\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"620\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"991\">\n<li data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"685\">\n<p data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"685\"><strong data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"641\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u00bd \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 8 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"686\" data-end=\"769\">\n<p data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"769\"><strong data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"704\">\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 DIN \u0623\u0648 ASTM\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 6 \u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"770\" data-end=\"830\">\n<p data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"830\"><strong data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"789\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"891\">\n<p data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"891\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"842\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Threaded) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 (Plain Ends).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"938\">\n<p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"938\"><strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"909\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"991\">\n<p data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"991\"><strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"953\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: DIN 2440\u060c ASTM A53\u060c BS 1387\u060c ISO 65.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1057\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1057\"><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<thead data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<tr data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<th data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1069\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1093\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1093\" data-end=\"1115\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<tr data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1226\">\n<td data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1180\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1203\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 (40\u201370 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1226\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (5\u201315 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1264\">\n<td data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1237\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1250\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1264\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1337\">\n<td data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1277\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1307\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1337\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<td data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1348\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1362\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1362\" data-end=\"1375\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1411\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1411\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1459\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1716\">\n<li data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1509\">\n<p data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1509\"><strong data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1483\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<p data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1567\"><strong data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1534\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong>: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1630\">\n<p data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1630\"><strong data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1585\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1687\">\n<p data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1687\"><strong data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1654\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1716\">\n<p data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1716\"><strong data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1715\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1779\">\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7612\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_16-AM.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_16-AM.webp 1536w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_16-AM-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_16-AM-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_16-AM-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"157\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9-2\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"157\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"239\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"571\">\n<li data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"302\">\n<p data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"302\"><strong data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"265\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"359\">\n<p data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"359\"><strong data-start=\"305\" data-end=\"320\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"360\" data-end=\"435\">\n<p data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"435\"><strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"391\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 (HVAC).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"500\">\n<p data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"500\"><strong data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"461\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"571\">\n<p data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"571\"><strong data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"531\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"189\" data-end=\"428\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7628\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_13-AM.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_13-AM.webp 1536w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_13-AM-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_13-AM-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ChatGPT-Image-May-10-2025-06_56_13-AM-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"620\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9-2\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"620\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"991\">\n<li data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"685\">\n<p data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"685\"><strong data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"641\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u00bd \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 8 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"686\" data-end=\"769\">\n<p data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"769\"><strong data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"704\">\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 DIN \u0623\u0648 ASTM\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.5 \u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 6 \u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"770\" data-end=\"830\">\n<p data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"830\"><strong data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"789\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"891\">\n<p data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"891\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"842\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Threaded) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 (Plain Ends).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"938\">\n<p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"938\"><strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"909\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"991\">\n<p data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"991\"><strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"953\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: DIN 2440\u060c ASTM A53\u060c BS 1387\u060c ISO 65.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"2033\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4910\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647\" width=\"640\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image.png 640w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-300x162.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1057\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-2\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1057\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<thead data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<tr data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<th data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1069\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1093\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1093\" data-end=\"1115\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<tr data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1226\">\n<td data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1180\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1203\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 (40\u201370 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1226\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (5\u201315 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1264\">\n<td data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1237\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1250\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1264\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1337\">\n<td data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1277\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1307\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1337\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1375\">\n<td data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1348\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1362\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1362\" data-end=\"1375\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1411\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9-2\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1411\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1459\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1716\">\n<li data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1509\">\n<p data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1509\"><strong data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1483\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<p data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1567\"><strong data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1534\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong>: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1630\">\n<p data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1630\"><strong data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1585\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1687\">\n<p data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1687\"><strong data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1654\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1716\">\n<p data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1716\"><strong data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1715\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1779\">\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2083\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4886\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/pipe.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0644\" width=\"860\" height=\"674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/pipe.webp 860w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/pipe-300x235.webp 300w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/pipe-768x602.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"153\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"153\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_80l1q_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_80l1q_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"584\">\n<thead data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"210\">\n<tr data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"210\">\n<th data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"166\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"186\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"210\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"584\">\n<tr data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"347\">\n<td data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"286\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"319\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"347\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"384\">\n<td data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"358\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"358\" data-end=\"370\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"384\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"385\" data-end=\"436\">\n<td data-start=\"385\" data-end=\"394\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"418\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"436\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"510\">\n<td data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"451\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"477\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"477\" data-end=\"510\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"584\">\n<td data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"521\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"555\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"584\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"639\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"639\">\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"696\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"698\" data-end=\"997\">\n<li data-start=\"698\" data-end=\"779\">\n<p data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"779\"><strong data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"728\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/strong>: \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"846\">\n<p data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"846\"><strong data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"807\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong>: \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"922\">\n<p data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"922\"><strong data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"865\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"997\">\n<p data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"997\"><strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"962\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1069\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1069\"><br \/>\n\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1071\" data-end=\"1398\">\n<li data-start=\"1071\" data-end=\"1135\">\n<p data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1135\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 <strong data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1098\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1197\">\n<p data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1197\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f <strong data-start=\"1153\" data-end=\"1173\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1249\">\n<p data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1249\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 <strong data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1237\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1338\">\n<p data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1338\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 <strong data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1289\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1398\">\n<p data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1398\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a <strong data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1371\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2418\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4866\" src=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647-5.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629\" width=\"482\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647-5.webp 482w, https:\/\/mahyarsepahan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0647-5-300x179.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1456\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1456\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1713\">\n<li data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1515\">\n<p data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1515\"><strong data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1488\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1577\">\n<p data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1577\"><strong data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1543\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1630\">\n<p data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1630\"><strong data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1603\">\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1672\">\n<p data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1672\"><strong data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1661\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/strong> (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1713\">\n<p data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1713\"><strong data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1712\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1763\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1763\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1763\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1831\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628&#8221; (ETO)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"2053\">\n<li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1868\">\n<p data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1868\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0633\u0628 <strong data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"1867\">\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1930\">\n<p data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1930\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <strong data-start=\"1878\" data-end=\"1902\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"2004\">\n<p data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"2004\">\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 <strong data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1958\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2053\">\n<p data-start=\"2007\" data-end=\"2053\">\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0640 <strong data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2041\">\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2058\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2085\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2085\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2274\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 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